The different programming languages for the web
HTML language
Since the emergence of the Internet, websites have been published thanks to the HTML language. It is a static language for website development (acronym in English for HyperText Markup Language, in Spanish for Hypertext Markup Language). Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Files can have extensions (HTM, HTML).Syntax:
<html> (Start of HTML document)<head>
( Headboard )
</head>
<body>
( Body )
</body>
</html>
<b> </b> Bold
<p> </p> Define paragraph
<label> Opening the label
</tag> Close the tag
Advantage:
Simple to describe hypertext.Text presented in a structured and pleasant way.
You do not need excellent knowledge when you have a web page editor or WYSIWYG.
Small files.
Rapid deployment.
Easy learning language.
All browsers support it.
Disadvantages:
Static language.The interpretation of each browser may be different.
It stores many labels that can become “garbage” and make correction difficult.
Design is slower.
Labels are very limited.
Javascript language
This is an interpreted language, it does not require compilation. It was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications. Mainly used on web pages. It is similar to Java, although it is not an object-oriented language, it does not have inheritances. Most browsers in their latest versions interpret Javascript code.Javascript code can be integrated into our web pages. To avoid incompatibilities, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) designed a standard called DOM (in English the Document Object Model, in its translation into Spanish the Document Object Model).
Syntax:
<script type = "text / javascript"> ... </script>Advantage:
Secure and reliable scripting language.Scripts have limited capabilities, for security reasons.
Javascript code is executed on the client.
Disadvantages:
Code visible by any user.The code must be downloaded completely.
You can put your site's security at risk, with the current problem called XSS (stands for Cross-Site Scripting renamed to XSS for its similarity to CSS style sheets).
PHP language
It is a programming language used for website creation. PHP is a recursive acronym that stands for "PHP Hypertext Pre-processor", (initially it was called Personal Home Page). It emerged in 1995, developed by PHP Group.PHP is a server-side interpreted scripting language used for generating dynamic web pages embedded in HTML pages and executed on the server. PHP does not need to be compiled to run. For its operation, you need to have Apache or IIS installed with the PHP libraries. Most of its syntax has been taken from C, Java, and Perl with some specific characteristics. The files have the extension (PHP).
Syntax:
The syntax used to incorporate PHP code is as follows:<?
$ message = "Hello";
echo $ message;
?>
It can also be used:
<? php
$ message = "Hello";
echo $ message;
?>
Advantage:
Very easy to learn.It is characterized by being a very fast language.
Object orientation is supported to some extent. Classes and inheritance.
It is a multiplatform language: Linux, Windows, among others.
Ability to connect with most database managers: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server, among others.
Ability to expand your potential using modules.
It has documentation on its official page which includes a description and examples of each of its functions.
It is free, so it is presented as an easily accessible alternative for everyone.
It includes a lot of functions.
It does not require a definition of variable types or detailed low-level management.
Disadvantages:
A web server needs to be installed.All work is done by the server and is not delegated to the client. Therefore it may be more inefficient as the requests increase in number.
Code readability can be affected by mixing HTML and PHP statements.
Object-oriented programming is still very poor for large applications.
It hinders modularization.
It makes it difficult to layer the application.
Security:
PHP is a powerful language and interpreter, whether included as part of a web server in the form of a module or executed as a separate CGI binary, it is capable of accessing files, executing commands, and opening network connections on the server. These properties make anything that is run on a web server insecure by nature.
PHP is specifically designed to be a more secure language for writing CGI programs than Perl or C, and with the correct selection of configuration options at compile and run time, and following some correct programming practices.
ASP language
It is a server-side technology developed by Microsoft for dynamic website development. ASP stands for Active Server Pages, it was released by Microsoft in 1996. Web pages developed under this language require Internet Information Server (IIS) to be installed.ASP does not need to be compiled to run. There are several languages that can be used to create ASP pages. The most widely used is VBScript, native to Microsoft. ASP can also be done in Perl and Jscript (not JavaScript). ASP code can be inserted along with HTML code. The files have the extension (asp).
Syntax:
<%%>Advantage:
It uses Visual Basic Script, being easy for users.
Optimal communication with SQL Server.
Supports JScript language (Microsoft Javascript).
Disadvantages:
Disorganized code.A lot of code needs to be written to perform simple functions.
Proprietary technology.
Expensive website hosting.
ASP.NET language
This is a language marketed by Microsoft, and used by programmers to develop, among other functions, websites. ASP.NET is the successor of the ASP technology, it was launched to the market through a market strategy called .NET.
ASP.NET was developed to solve the limitations that your predecessor ASP offered. Created to develop simple web or large applications. For the development of ASP.NET, you can use C #, VB.NET, or J #. The files have the extension (aspx). For your pages to work, you need to have IIS installed with the .Net Framework. Microsft Windows 2003 includes this framework, it will only be necessary to install it in previous versions.
Syntax:
<% %>
Advantage:
Completely object-oriented.User and custom controls.
The division between the application or design layer and the code.
Facilitates the maintenance of large applications.
Increased server response speed.
Higher speed.
Greater security.
Disadvantages:
Greater consumption of resources.
JSP language
It is a language for creating dynamic websites, an acronym for Java Server Pages. It is aimed at developing web pages in Java. JSP is a cross-platform language. Created to run on the server-side.JSP was developed by Sun Microsystems. It shares advantages similar to those of ASP.NET, developed for creating powerful web applications. It has a page engine based on Java servlets. To function, you need to have a Tomcat server installed.
Syntax:
<% = new java.util.Date ()%>Characteristics:
Code separate from the logic of the program.Pages are compiled on the first request.
It allows separating the dynamic part from the static one in web pages.
The files are found with the extension (JSP).
JSP code can be embedded in HTML code.
JSP elements
The elements that can be inserted in the JSP pages are the following:
Code: "Java" code can be embedded.
Directives: allows you to control servlet parameters.
Actions: Allows you to alter the normal flow of execution of a page.
Advantage:
Fast execution of servlets.
Create server-side pages.
Multi-platform.
Well, structured code.
Integrity with Java modules.
The dynamic part is written in Java.
It allows the use of servlets.
Disadvantages:
Learning complexity.
Python language
It is a programming language created in 1990 by Guido van Rossum, it is the successor of the ABC programming language. Python is usually compared to Perl. Users consider it a cleaner programming language. It allows the creation of all kinds of programs including websites.Your code does not need to be compiled, so it is called that the code is interpreted. It is a multi-paradigm programming language, which forces programmers to adopt a particular programming style:
Object-oriented programming.
Structured programming.
Functional programming.
Aspect-oriented programming.
Syntax:
Example of a class in Python:def draw_muneco (option):
if option == 1:
C.create_line (580, 150, 580, 320, width = 4, fill = "blue")
C.create_oval (510, 150, 560, 200, width = 2, fill = 'PeachPuff')
Advantage:
Free and open source.General-purpose language.
Lots of functions and libraries.
Simple and quick to program.
Multi-platform.
Open source license (Opensource).
Object-Oriented.
Portable.
Disadvantages:
Slowness because it is an interpreted language.
Ruby language
It is a very high-level, object-oriented interpreted language. Developed in 1993 by Japanese programmer Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto. Its syntax is inspired by Phyton, Perl. It is distributed under a free software license (Opensource).
Ruby is a dynamic language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. For those who want to start in this language, you can find an interactive ruby tutorial. A site with information and courses in Spanish is also available to these users.
Syntax:
puts "hello"Characteristics:
There is a case-sensitive difference.Multiple expressions bylines, separated by semicolons ";".
It has exception handling.
Ruby can load extension libraries dynamically if (Operating System) allows it.
Portable.
Advantage:
It allows developing solutions at a low cost.Free software.
Multi-platform.
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